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cos(2*a)-cos(a)^2 если a=-1/2

Выражение, которое надо упростить:

Решение

Вы ввели [src]
              2   
cos(2*a) - cos (a)
$$- \cos^{2}{\left(a \right)} + \cos{\left(2 a \right)}$$
cos(2*a) - cos(a)^2
Общее упрощение [src]
    2   
-sin (a)
$$- \sin^{2}{\left(a \right)}$$
-sin(a)^2
Подстановка условия [src]
cos(2*a) - cos(a)^2 при a = -1/2
подставляем
              2   
cos(2*a) - cos (a)
$$- \cos^{2}{\left(a \right)} + \cos{\left(2 a \right)}$$
    2   
-sin (a)
$$- \sin^{2}{\left(a \right)}$$
переменные
a = -1/2
$$a = - \frac{1}{2}$$
    2        
-sin ((-1/2))
$$- \sin^{2}{\left((-1/2) \right)}$$
    2      
-sin (-1/2)
$$- \sin^{2}{\left(- \frac{1}{2} \right)}$$
    2     
-sin (1/2)
$$- \sin^{2}{\left(\frac{1}{2} \right)}$$
-sin(1/2)^2
Численный ответ [src]
-cos(a)^2 + cos(2*a)
-cos(a)^2 + cos(2*a)
Степени [src]
                                 2
 -2*I*a    2*I*a   / I*a    -I*a\ 
e         e        |e      e    | 
------- + ------ - |---- + -----| 
   2        2      \ 2       2  / 
$$- \left(\frac{e^{i a}}{2} + \frac{e^{- i a}}{2}\right)^{2} + \frac{e^{2 i a}}{2} + \frac{e^{- 2 i a}}{2}$$
exp(-2*i*a)/2 + exp(2*i*a)/2 - (exp(i*a)/2 + exp(-i*a)/2)^2
Собрать выражение [src]
  1   cos(2*a)
- - + --------
  2      2    
$$\frac{\cos{\left(2 a \right)}}{2} - \frac{1}{2}$$
-1/2 + cos(2*a)/2
Раскрыть выражение [src]
    2   
-sin (a)
$$- \sin^{2}{\left(a \right)}$$
        2   
-1 + cos (a)
$$\cos^{2}{\left(a \right)} - 1$$
-1 + cos(a)^2
Тригонометрическая часть [src]
    2   
-sin (a)
$$- \sin^{2}{\left(a \right)}$$
  -1   
-------
   2   
csc (a)
$$- \frac{1}{\csc^{2}{\left(a \right)}}$$
    2/    pi\
-cos |a - --|
     \    2 /
$$- \cos^{2}{\left(a - \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}$$
  1   cos(2*a)
- - + --------
  2      2    
$$\frac{\cos{\left(2 a \right)}}{2} - \frac{1}{2}$$
    -1      
------------
   2/    pi\
sec |a - --|
    \    2 /
$$- \frac{1}{\sec^{2}{\left(a - \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}}$$
   1          1   
-------- - -------
sec(2*a)      2   
           sec (a)
$$\frac{1}{\sec{\left(2 a \right)}} - \frac{1}{\sec^{2}{\left(a \right)}}$$
     2/    pi\      /pi      \
- sin |a + --| + sin|-- + 2*a|
      \    2 /      \2       /
$$- \sin^{2}{\left(a + \frac{\pi}{2} \right)} + \sin{\left(2 a + \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}$$
         2         2   
  1   cos (a)   sin (a)
- - + ------- - -------
  2      2         2   
$$- \frac{\sin^{2}{\left(a \right)}}{2} + \frac{\cos^{2}{\left(a \right)}}{2} - \frac{1}{2}$$
        2/a\  
  -4*tan |-|  
         \2/  
--------------
             2
/       2/a\\ 
|1 + tan |-|| 
\        \2// 
$$- \frac{4 \tan^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}{\left(\tan^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)} + 1\right)^{2}}$$
 //   0     for a mod pi = 0\
 ||                         |
-|<   2                     |
 ||sin (a)     otherwise    |
 \\                         /
$$- \begin{cases} 0 & \text{for}\: a \bmod \pi = 0 \\\sin^{2}{\left(a \right)} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}$$
      1              1      
------------- - ------------
   /pi      \      2/pi    \
csc|-- - 2*a|   csc |-- - a|
   \2       /       \2     /
$$\frac{1}{\csc{\left(- 2 a + \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}} - \frac{1}{\csc^{2}{\left(- a + \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}}$$
 //      0         for a mod pi = 0\
 ||                                |
 ||       2/a\                     |
 ||  4*cot |-|                     |
 ||        \2/                     |
-|<--------------     otherwise    |
 ||             2                  |
 ||/       2/a\\                   |
 |||1 + cot |-||                   |
 ||\        \2//                   |
 \\                                /
$$- \begin{cases} 0 & \text{for}\: a \bmod \pi = 0 \\\frac{4 \cot^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}{\left(\cot^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)} + 1\right)^{2}} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}$$
                             2
               /        2/a\\ 
        2      |-1 + cot |-|| 
-1 + cot (a)   \         \2// 
------------ - ---------------
       2                     2
1 + cot (a)     /       2/a\\ 
                |1 + cot |-|| 
                \        \2// 
$$- \frac{\left(\cot^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)} - 1\right)^{2}}{\left(\cot^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)} + 1\right)^{2}} + \frac{\cot^{2}{\left(a \right)} - 1}{\cot^{2}{\left(a \right)} + 1}$$
                           2
              /       2/a\\ 
       2      |1 - tan |-|| 
1 - tan (a)   \        \2// 
----------- - --------------
       2                   2
1 + tan (a)   /       2/a\\ 
              |1 + tan |-|| 
              \        \2// 
$$- \frac{\left(- \tan^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)} + 1\right)^{2}}{\left(\tan^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)} + 1\right)^{2}} + \frac{- \tan^{2}{\left(a \right)} + 1}{\tan^{2}{\left(a \right)} + 1}$$
                 2           
  /         4/a\\            
  |    4*sin |-||            
  |          \2/|            
  |1 - ---------|            
  |        2    |            
  \     sin (a) /            
- ---------------- + cos(2*a)
                 2           
  /         4/a\\            
  |    4*sin |-||            
  |          \2/|            
  |1 + ---------|            
  |        2    |            
  \     sin (a) /            
$$\cos{\left(2 a \right)} - \frac{\left(- \frac{4 \sin^{4}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}{\sin^{2}{\left(a \right)}} + 1\right)^{2}}{\left(\frac{4 \sin^{4}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}{\sin^{2}{\left(a \right)}} + 1\right)^{2}}$$
          2/a   pi\           /    pi\  
     4*tan |- + --|      2*tan|a + --|  
           \2   4 /           \    4 /  
- ------------------- + ----------------
                    2          2/    pi\
  /       2/a   pi\\    1 + tan |a + --|
  |1 + tan |- + --||            \    4 /
  \        \2   4 //                    
$$\frac{2 \tan{\left(a + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}}{\tan^{2}{\left(a + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)} + 1} - \frac{4 \tan^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}}{\left(\tan^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)} + 1\right)^{2}}$$
                           2
              /       1   \ 
       1      |1 - -------| 
1 - -------   |       2/a\| 
       2      |    cot |-|| 
    cot (a)   \        \2// 
----------- - --------------
       1                   2
1 + -------   /       1   \ 
       2      |1 + -------| 
    cot (a)   |       2/a\| 
              |    cot |-|| 
              \        \2// 
$$- \frac{\left(1 - \frac{1}{\cot^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}\right)^{2}}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\cot^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}\right)^{2}} + \frac{1 - \frac{1}{\cot^{2}{\left(a \right)}}}{1 + \frac{1}{\cot^{2}{\left(a \right)}}}$$
  //   1     for a mod 2*pi = 0\                                
  ||                           |   //   1      for a mod pi = 0\
- |<   2                       | + |<                          |
  ||cos (a)      otherwise     |   \\cos(2*a)     otherwise    /
  \\                           /                                
$$\left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod \pi = 0 \\\cos{\left(2 a \right)} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right) - \left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod 2 \pi = 0 \\\cos^{2}{\left(a \right)} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)$$
  //   1     for a mod 2*pi = 0\                                
  ||                           |   //   1      for a mod pi = 0\
  ||   1                       |   ||                          |
- |<-------      otherwise     | + |<   1                      |
  ||   2                       |   ||--------     otherwise    |
  ||sec (a)                    |   \\sec(2*a)                  /
  \\                           /                                
$$\left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod \pi = 0 \\\frac{1}{\sec{\left(2 a \right)}} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right) - \left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod 2 \pi = 0 \\\frac{1}{\sec^{2}{\left(a \right)}} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)$$
  //     1        for a mod 2*pi = 0\   //      1        for a mod pi = 0\
  ||                                |   ||                               |
- |<   2/    pi\                    | + |<   /pi      \                  |
  ||sin |a + --|      otherwise     |   ||sin|-- + 2*a|     otherwise    |
  \\    \    2 /                    /   \\   \2       /                  /
$$\left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod \pi = 0 \\\sin{\left(2 a + \frac{\pi}{2} \right)} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right) - \left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod 2 \pi = 0 \\\sin^{2}{\left(a + \frac{\pi}{2} \right)} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)$$
  //     1        for a mod 2*pi = 0\   //      1        for a mod pi = 0\
  ||                                |   ||                               |
  ||     1                          |   ||      1                        |
- |<------------      otherwise     | + |<-------------     otherwise    |
  ||   2/pi    \                    |   ||   /pi      \                  |
  ||csc |-- - a|                    |   ||csc|-- - 2*a|                  |
  \\    \2     /                    /   \\   \2       /                  /
$$\left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod \pi = 0 \\\frac{1}{\csc{\left(- 2 a + \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right) - \left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod 2 \pi = 0 \\\frac{1}{\csc^{2}{\left(- a + \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)$$
                               2
                /         4/a\\ 
         4      |    4*sin |-|| 
    4*sin (a)   |          \2/| 
1 - ---------   |1 - ---------| 
       2        |        2    | 
    sin (2*a)   \     sin (a) / 
------------- - ----------------
         4                     2
    4*sin (a)   /         4/a\\ 
1 + ---------   |    4*sin |-|| 
       2        |          \2/| 
    sin (2*a)   |1 + ---------| 
                |        2    | 
                \     sin (a) / 
$$- \frac{\left(- \frac{4 \sin^{4}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}{\sin^{2}{\left(a \right)}} + 1\right)^{2}}{\left(\frac{4 \sin^{4}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}{\sin^{2}{\left(a \right)}} + 1\right)^{2}} + \frac{- \frac{4 \sin^{4}{\left(a \right)}}{\sin^{2}{\left(2 a \right)}} + 1}{\frac{4 \sin^{4}{\left(a \right)}}{\sin^{2}{\left(2 a \right)}} + 1}$$
  //                                /    pi\           \                                         
  ||            0               for |a + --| mod pi = 0|   //              /pi      \           \
  ||                                \    2 /           |   ||   0      for |-- + 2*a| mod pi = 0|
- |<                                                   | + |<              \2       /           |
  ||            2    2/a   pi\                         |   ||                                   |
  ||(1 + sin(a)) *cot |- + --|         otherwise       |   \\cos(2*a)          otherwise        /
  \\                  \2   4 /                         /                                         
$$\left(- \begin{cases} 0 & \text{for}\: \left(a + \frac{\pi}{2}\right) \bmod \pi = 0 \\\left(\sin{\left(a \right)} + 1\right)^{2} \cot^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right) + \left(\begin{cases} 0 & \text{for}\: \left(2 a + \frac{\pi}{2}\right) \bmod \pi = 0 \\\cos{\left(2 a \right)} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)$$
  //       1         for a mod 2*pi = 0\                                    
  ||                                   |                                    
  ||              2                    |   //     1        for a mod pi = 0\
  ||/        2/a\\                     |   ||                              |
  |||-1 + cot |-||                     |   ||        2                     |
- |<\         \2//                     | + |<-1 + cot (a)                  |
  ||---------------      otherwise     |   ||------------     otherwise    |
  ||              2                    |   ||       2                      |
  || /       2/a\\                     |   \\1 + cot (a)                   /
  || |1 + cot |-||                     |                                    
  \\ \        \2//                     /                                    
$$\left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod \pi = 0 \\\frac{\cot^{2}{\left(a \right)} - 1}{\cot^{2}{\left(a \right)} + 1} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right) - \left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod 2 \pi = 0 \\\frac{\left(\cot^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)} - 1\right)^{2}}{\left(\cot^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)} + 1\right)^{2}} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)$$
  //      1         for a mod 2*pi = 0\                                   
  ||                                  |                                   
  ||             2                    |   //     1       for a mod pi = 0\
  ||/       2/a\\                     |   ||                             |
  |||1 - tan |-||                     |   ||       2                     |
- |<\        \2//                     | + |<1 - tan (a)                  |
  ||--------------      otherwise     |   ||-----------     otherwise    |
  ||             2                    |   ||       2                     |
  ||/       2/a\\                     |   \\1 + tan (a)                  /
  |||1 + tan |-||                     |                                   
  \\\        \2//                     /                                   
$$\left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod \pi = 0 \\\frac{- \tan^{2}{\left(a \right)} + 1}{\tan^{2}{\left(a \right)} + 1} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right) - \left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod 2 \pi = 0 \\\frac{\left(- \tan^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)} + 1\right)^{2}}{\left(\tan^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)} + 1\right)^{2}} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)$$
  //          1             for a mod 2*pi = 0\                                
  ||                                          |                                
  ||                     2                    |                                
  ||/   2           4/a\\                     |                                
  |||sin (a) - 4*sin |-||                     |   //   1      for a mod pi = 0\
- |<\                \2//                     | + |<                          |
  ||----------------------      otherwise     |   \\cos(2*a)     otherwise    /
  ||                     2                    |                                
  ||/   2           4/a\\                     |                                
  |||sin (a) + 4*sin |-||                     |                                
  \\\                \2//                     /                                
$$\left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod \pi = 0 \\\cos{\left(2 a \right)} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right) - \left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod 2 \pi = 0 \\\frac{\left(- 4 \sin^{4}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)} + \sin^{2}{\left(a \right)}\right)^{2}}{\left(4 \sin^{4}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)} + \sin^{2}{\left(a \right)}\right)^{2}} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)$$
  //             1                for a mod 2*pi = 0\                                                   
  ||                                                |   //             1               for a mod pi = 0\
  ||/   1     for a mod 2*pi = 0                    |   ||                                             |
- |<|                                               | + |
            
$$\left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod \pi = 0 \\\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod \pi = 0 \\\cos{\left(2 a \right)} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right) - \left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod 2 \pi = 0 \\\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod 2 \pi = 0 \\\cos^{2}{\left(a \right)} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)$$
                                     2
                   /       2/a   pi\\ 
       2/    pi\   |    cos |- - --|| 
    cos |a - --|   |        \2   2 /| 
        \    2 /   |1 - ------------| 
1 - ------------   |         2/a\   | 
         2         |      cos |-|   | 
      cos (a)      \          \2/   / 
---------------- - -------------------
       2/    pi\                     2
    cos |a - --|   /       2/a   pi\\ 
        \    2 /   |    cos |- - --|| 
1 + ------------   |        \2   2 /| 
         2         |1 + ------------| 
      cos (a)      |         2/a\   | 
                   |      cos |-|   | 
                   \          \2/   / 
$$- \frac{\left(1 - \frac{\cos^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} - \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}}{\cos^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}\right)^{2}}{\left(1 + \frac{\cos^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} - \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}}{\cos^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}\right)^{2}} + \frac{1 - \frac{\cos^{2}{\left(a - \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}}{\cos^{2}{\left(a \right)}}}{1 + \frac{\cos^{2}{\left(a - \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}}{\cos^{2}{\left(a \right)}}}$$
                                     2
                   /         2/a\   \ 
         2         |      sec |-|   | 
      sec (a)      |          \2/   | 
1 - ------------   |1 - ------------| 
       2/    pi\   |       2/a   pi\| 
    sec |a - --|   |    sec |- - --|| 
        \    2 /   \        \2   2 // 
---------------- - -------------------
         2                           2
      sec (a)      /         2/a\   \ 
1 + ------------   |      sec |-|   | 
       2/    pi\   |          \2/   | 
    sec |a - --|   |1 + ------------| 
        \    2 /   |       2/a   pi\| 
                   |    sec |- - --|| 
                   \        \2   2 // 
$$- \frac{\left(- \frac{\sec^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}{\sec^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} - \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}} + 1\right)^{2}}{\left(\frac{\sec^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}{\sec^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} - \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}} + 1\right)^{2}} + \frac{- \frac{\sec^{2}{\left(a \right)}}{\sec^{2}{\left(a - \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}} + 1}{\frac{\sec^{2}{\left(a \right)}}{\sec^{2}{\left(a - \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}} + 1}$$
                                     2
                   /       2/pi   a\\ 
       2/pi    \   |    csc |-- - -|| 
    csc |-- - a|   |        \2    2/| 
        \2     /   |1 - ------------| 
1 - ------------   |         2/a\   | 
         2         |      csc |-|   | 
      csc (a)      \          \2/   / 
---------------- - -------------------
       2/pi    \                     2
    csc |-- - a|   /       2/pi   a\\ 
        \2     /   |    csc |-- - -|| 
1 + ------------   |        \2    2/| 
         2         |1 + ------------| 
      csc (a)      |         2/a\   | 
                   |      csc |-|   | 
                   \          \2/   / 
$$- \frac{\left(1 - \frac{\csc^{2}{\left(- \frac{a}{2} + \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}}{\csc^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}\right)^{2}}{\left(1 + \frac{\csc^{2}{\left(- \frac{a}{2} + \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}}{\csc^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}\right)^{2}} + \frac{1 - \frac{\csc^{2}{\left(- a + \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}}{\csc^{2}{\left(a \right)}}}{1 + \frac{\csc^{2}{\left(- a + \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}}{\csc^{2}{\left(a \right)}}}$$
  //       1         for a mod 2*pi = 0\                                    
  ||                                   |                                    
  ||              2                    |   //     1        for a mod pi = 0\
  ||/        1   \                     |   ||                              |
  |||-1 + -------|                     |   ||        1                     |
  |||        2/a\|                     |   ||-1 + -------                  |
  |||     tan |-||                     |   ||        2                     |
- |<\         \2//                     | + |<     tan (a)                  |
  ||---------------      otherwise     |   ||------------     otherwise    |
  ||              2                    |   ||       1                      |
  || /       1   \                     |   ||1 + -------                   |
  || |1 + -------|                     |   ||       2                      |
  || |       2/a\|                     |   \\    tan (a)                   /
  || |    tan |-||                     |                                    
  \\ \        \2//                     /                                    
$$\left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod \pi = 0 \\\frac{-1 + \frac{1}{\tan^{2}{\left(a \right)}}}{1 + \frac{1}{\tan^{2}{\left(a \right)}}} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right) - \left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod 2 \pi = 0 \\\frac{\left(-1 + \frac{1}{\tan^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}\right)^{2}}{\left(1 + \frac{1}{\tan^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}\right)^{2}} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)$$
  //                         /    pi\           \                                                 
  ||         0           for |a + --| mod pi = 0|   //                      /pi      \           \
  ||                         \    2 /           |   ||       0          for |-- + 2*a| mod pi = 0|
  ||                                            |   ||                      \2       /           |
  ||        2/a   pi\                           |   ||                                           |
  ||   4*cot |- + --|                           |   ||      /    pi\                             |
- |<         \2   4 /                           | + |< 2*cot|a + --|                             |
  ||-------------------         otherwise       |   ||      \    4 /                             |
  ||                  2                         |   ||----------------          otherwise        |
  ||/       2/a   pi\\                          |   ||       2/    pi\                           |
  |||1 + cot |- + --||                          |   ||1 + cot |a + --|                           |
  ||\        \2   4 //                          |   \\        \    4 /                           /
  \\                                            /                                                 
$$\left(- \begin{cases} 0 & \text{for}\: \left(a + \frac{\pi}{2}\right) \bmod \pi = 0 \\\frac{4 \cot^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}}{\left(\cot^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)} + 1\right)^{2}} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right) + \left(\begin{cases} 0 & \text{for}\: \left(2 a + \frac{\pi}{2}\right) \bmod \pi = 0 \\\frac{2 \cot{\left(a + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)}}{\cot^{2}{\left(a + \frac{\pi}{4} \right)} + 1} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)$$
  //        1          for a mod 2*pi = 0\                                      
  ||                                     |                                      
  ||                2                    |   //      1         for a mod pi = 0\
  ||/         2    \                     |   ||                                |
  |||      sin (a) |                     |   ||        2                       |
  |||-1 + ---------|                     |   ||     sin (2*a)                  |
  |||          4/a\|                     |   ||-1 + ---------                  |
  |||     4*sin |-||                     |   ||          4                     |
- |<\           \2//                     | + |<     4*sin (a)                  |
  ||-----------------      otherwise     |   ||--------------     otherwise    |
  ||                2                    |   ||       2                        |
  || /        2    \                     |   ||    sin (2*a)                   |
  || |     sin (a) |                     |   ||1 + ---------                   |
  || |1 + ---------|                     |   ||         4                      |
  || |         4/a\|                     |   \\    4*sin (a)                   /
  || |    4*sin |-||                     |                                      
  \\ \          \2//                     /                                      
$$\left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod \pi = 0 \\\frac{-1 + \frac{\sin^{2}{\left(2 a \right)}}{4 \sin^{4}{\left(a \right)}}}{1 + \frac{\sin^{2}{\left(2 a \right)}}{4 \sin^{4}{\left(a \right)}}} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right) - \left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod 2 \pi = 0 \\\frac{\left(-1 + \frac{\sin^{2}{\left(a \right)}}{4 \sin^{4}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}\right)^{2}}{\left(1 + \frac{\sin^{2}{\left(a \right)}}{4 \sin^{4}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}\right)^{2}} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)$$
  //                 1                    for a mod 2*pi = 0\                                                       
  ||                                                        |                                                       
  ||/       1         for a mod 2*pi = 0                    |   //               1                 for a mod pi = 0\
  |||                                                       |   ||                                                 |
  |||              2                                        |   ||/     1        for a mod pi = 0                  |
  |||/        2/a\\                                         |   |||                                                |
- |<||-1 + cot |-||                                         | + |<|        2                                       |
  ||<\         \2//                           otherwise     |   ||<-1 + cot (a)                       otherwise    |
  |||---------------      otherwise                         |   |||------------     otherwise                      |
  |||              2                                        |   |||       2                                        |
  ||| /       2/a\\                                         |   \\\1 + cot (a)                                     /
  ||| |1 + cot |-||                                         |                                                       
  \\\ \        \2//                                         /                                                       
$$\left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod \pi = 0 \\\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod \pi = 0 \\\frac{\cot^{2}{\left(a \right)} - 1}{\cot^{2}{\left(a \right)} + 1} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right) - \left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod 2 \pi = 0 \\\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod 2 \pi = 0 \\\frac{\left(\cot^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)} - 1\right)^{2}}{\left(\cot^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)} + 1\right)^{2}} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)$$
  //         1            for a mod 2*pi = 0\                                         
  ||                                        |                                         
  ||                   2                    |   //        1          for a mod pi = 0\
  ||/          2/a\   \                     |   ||                                   |
  |||       cos |-|   |                     |   ||          2                        |
  |||           \2/   |                     |   ||       cos (a)                     |
  |||-1 + ------------|                     |   ||-1 + ------------                  |
  |||        2/a   pi\|                     |   ||        2/    pi\                  |
  |||     cos |- - --||                     |   ||     cos |a - --|                  |
- |<\         \2   2 //                     | + |<         \    2 /                  |
  ||--------------------      otherwise     |   ||-----------------     otherwise    |
  ||                  2                     |   ||          2                        |
  ||/         2/a\   \                      |   ||       cos (a)                     |
  |||      cos |-|   |                      |   || 1 + ------------                  |
  |||          \2/   |                      |   ||        2/    pi\                  |
  |||1 + ------------|                      |   ||     cos |a - --|                  |
  |||       2/a   pi\|                      |   \\         \    2 /                  /
  |||    cos |- - --||                      |                                         
  \\\        \2   2 //                      /                                         
$$\left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod \pi = 0 \\\frac{\frac{\cos^{2}{\left(a \right)}}{\cos^{2}{\left(a - \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}} - 1}{\frac{\cos^{2}{\left(a \right)}}{\cos^{2}{\left(a - \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}} + 1} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right) - \left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod 2 \pi = 0 \\\frac{\left(\frac{\cos^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}{\cos^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} - \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}} - 1\right)^{2}}{\left(\frac{\cos^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}{\cos^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} - \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}} + 1\right)^{2}} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)$$
  //         1            for a mod 2*pi = 0\                                         
  ||                                        |                                         
  ||                   2                    |   //        1          for a mod pi = 0\
  ||/        2/a   pi\\                     |   ||                                   |
  |||     sec |- - --||                     |   ||        2/    pi\                  |
  |||         \2   2 /|                     |   ||     sec |a - --|                  |
  |||-1 + ------------|                     |   ||         \    2 /                  |
  |||          2/a\   |                     |   ||-1 + ------------                  |
  |||       sec |-|   |                     |   ||          2                        |
- |<\           \2/   /                     | + |<       sec (a)                     |
  ||--------------------      otherwise     |   ||-----------------     otherwise    |
  ||                  2                     |   ||        2/    pi\                  |
  ||/       2/a   pi\\                      |   ||     sec |a - --|                  |
  |||    sec |- - --||                      |   ||         \    2 /                  |
  |||        \2   2 /|                      |   || 1 + ------------                  |
  |||1 + ------------|                      |   ||          2                        |
  |||         2/a\   |                      |   \\       sec (a)                     /
  |||      sec |-|   |                      |                                         
  \\\          \2/   /                      /                                         
$$\left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod \pi = 0 \\\frac{-1 + \frac{\sec^{2}{\left(a - \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}}{\sec^{2}{\left(a \right)}}}{1 + \frac{\sec^{2}{\left(a - \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}}{\sec^{2}{\left(a \right)}}} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right) - \left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod 2 \pi = 0 \\\frac{\left(-1 + \frac{\sec^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} - \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}}{\sec^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}\right)^{2}}{\left(1 + \frac{\sec^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} - \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}}{\sec^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}\right)^{2}} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)$$
  //         1            for a mod 2*pi = 0\                                         
  ||                                        |                                         
  ||                   2                    |   //        1          for a mod pi = 0\
  ||/          2/a\   \                     |   ||                                   |
  |||       csc |-|   |                     |   ||          2                        |
  |||           \2/   |                     |   ||       csc (a)                     |
  |||-1 + ------------|                     |   ||-1 + ------------                  |
  |||        2/pi   a\|                     |   ||        2/pi    \                  |
  |||     csc |-- - -||                     |   ||     csc |-- - a|                  |
- |<\         \2    2//                     | + |<         \2     /                  |
  ||--------------------      otherwise     |   ||-----------------     otherwise    |
  ||                  2                     |   ||          2                        |
  ||/         2/a\   \                      |   ||       csc (a)                     |
  |||      csc |-|   |                      |   || 1 + ------------                  |
  |||          \2/   |                      |   ||        2/pi    \                  |
  |||1 + ------------|                      |   ||     csc |-- - a|                  |
  |||       2/pi   a\|                      |   \\         \2     /                  /
  |||    csc |-- - -||                      |                                         
  \\\        \2    2//                      /                                         
$$\left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod \pi = 0 \\\frac{\frac{\csc^{2}{\left(a \right)}}{\csc^{2}{\left(- a + \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}} - 1}{\frac{\csc^{2}{\left(a \right)}}{\csc^{2}{\left(- a + \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}} + 1} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right) - \left(\begin{cases} 1 & \text{for}\: a \bmod 2 \pi = 0 \\\frac{\left(\frac{\csc^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}{\csc^{2}{\left(- \frac{a}{2} + \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}} - 1\right)^{2}}{\left(\frac{\csc^{2}{\left(\frac{a}{2} \right)}}{\csc^{2}{\left(- \frac{a}{2} + \frac{\pi}{2} \right)}} + 1\right)^{2}} & \text{otherwise} \end{cases}\right)$$
-Piecewise((1, Mod(a = 2*pi, 0)), ((-1 + csc(a/2)^2/csc(pi/2 - a/2)^2)^2/(1 + csc(a/2)^2/csc(pi/2 - a/2)^2)^2, True)) + Piecewise((1, Mod(a = pi, 0)), ((-1 + csc(a)^2/csc(pi/2 - a)^2)/(1 + csc(a)^2/csc(pi/2 - a)^2), True))